【临床病史】
患者，69岁男性发现上纵隔肿块。69-year-old male found to have a superior mediastinal mass.
【图片】
CT图像
【影像表现】
On the contrast-enhanced CT of the chest, there is a heterogeneous mass arising from the left lateral wall of the trachea. The mass demonstrates extratracheal extension as well as extension into the tracheal lumen. (Figure 1 and Figure 2). The mass also contains internal calcifications (arrows), representing chondroid matrix mineralization (Figure 3 and Figure 4).
胸部增强扫描示气管左侧壁发出一不均质的肿块影，肿块向气管内外扩展（图1、2）。其内可见钙化影（箭头），代表软骨基质的钙化（图3、4）。
【影像诊断】
Primary tracheal chondrosarcoma 原发性气管软管肉瘤
【诊断要点】
Tracheobronchial tumors are very rare and account for only <0.4% of all body tumors. Primary malignant tracheobronchial tumors are also uncommon and account for <1% of all malignant thoracic masses.气管肿瘤非常少见，不到全身肿瘤的0.4％。原发恶性气管肿瘤同样少见，不到胸部恶性肿瘤的1％； The most common primary malignant tumor of the tracheobronchial tree is squamous cell carcinoma.最常见的气管支气管树原发恶性肿瘤是鳞状细胞癌； Tracheal chondrosarcomas are extremely rare and only 15 cases have been reported in the literature.气管软骨肉瘤是极其少见的，文献报道仅有15例。 【讨论】
Tracheobronchial tumors are very rare and account for only <0.4% of all body tumors. Tracheobronchial tumors can be categorized into primary malignant, secondary malignant, or benign tumors. The most common primary malignant tumor is squamous cell carcinoma, with the second most common being adenoid cystic carcinoma arising from the salivary glands. Secondary malignant tumors can occur by hematogenous spread or direct invasion. 气管肿瘤是非常少见的，不到全身肿瘤的0.4％。气管肿瘤可以被分为原发性恶性肿瘤、继发性恶性肿瘤或良性肿瘤。最常见的的原发恶性肿瘤是鳞状细胞癌，其次是起源于唾液腺的腺样囊腺癌。继发的恶性肿瘤可以是血行转移或直接侵犯而来。 Primary thoracic sarcomas are extremely rare and include chondrosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and fibrosarcoma. These tumors usually manifest as endoluminal tracheal masses. 原发的胸廓肉瘤是非常少见的，包括软骨肉瘤、滑膜肉瘤和纤维肉瘤。这些肿瘤通常表现为气管腔内肿块。 Only 15 cases of tracheal chondrosarcoma have been reported in the literature. The most common clinical symptoms include a nonproductive cough, wheezing, and dyspnea secondary to obstruction from endoluminal growth of tumor. Radical surgical resection is recommended for all cartilaginous tumors of the trachea. 目前在文献报道中仅有15例气管软骨肉瘤。最常见的临床症状包括干咳、哮喘和继发于肿瘤腔内生长所致的梗阻性呼吸困难。外科切除术是所有气管软骨类肿瘤首选治疗方式。